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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 1:36 am
Time: 1:36 am
Results for illicit drug markets
6 results foundAuthor: Hughes, Caitlin Title: The Coordination of Australian Illicit Drug Policy: A Governance Perspective Summary: This study focuses on the coordination of Australian drug policy. The study provides a new approach to looking at coordination, through the lens of “good governance”. The principles for good governance of Australian illicit drug policy include the following: participation, consensus-orientation, accountability, transparency, responsiveness, equity and inclusiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, and follow the rule of law. Details: Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, 2010. 108p. Source: Internet Resource; Accessed August 14, 2010 at: http://www.dpmp.unsw.edu.au/DPMPWeb.nsf/resources/Monograph+16.pdf/$file/Mono+18.pdf; DPMP Monograph Series; No. 18 Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dpmp.unsw.edu.au/DPMPWeb.nsf/resources/Monograph+16.pdf/$file/Mono+18.pdf; DPMP Monograph Series; No. 18 Shelf Number: 117330 Keywords: Drug EnforcementDrug OffendersDrug PolicyHarm ReductionIllicit Drug Markets |
Author: Melis, Martina Title: Drug Policy and Development: How Action Against Illicit Drugs Impacts on the Millennium Development Goals Summary: It is now widely accepted that current drug control strategies have had limited success in reducing the overall scale of the illicit drug market, and have led to significant unintended consequences, that have impacted adversely on a range of areas of international cooperation. The tensions between drug control strategies and, for example, the prevention of HIV or the protection of human rights, are well documented. This briefing paper highlights similar tensions between the concerns and objectives of the development community, and the objectives and strategies implemented in the name of drug control. UN agencies and member states have made some progress in recent years in addressing these tensions, but there is a long way to go to find an integrated approach to drug control that maximises the protection of health and human rights, and the promotion of social and economic development. The UN Development Programme, and most development NGOs, have been largely absent from this debate, but could be making a significant contribution to the elaboration and implementation of more effective drug policies and strategies. Illicit drugs impact on development in a number of ways. Drug use contributes to diminished health, leading to higher healthcare costs and decreased earning at the population level. This is most noticeable in the area of HIV/AIDS where the sharing of needles not only spreads HIV infection among people who inject drugs but also serves to fuel the broader spread of the epidemic. Involvement in the illicit drugs market diverts people and resources from licit recorded economic activities. The huge profits associated with the drug market foster organised crime and corruption, which in turn inhibit the development of good governance. Environmental degradation resulting from the cultivation and refinement of naturally derived drugs is also being increasingly documented. Details: London: International Drug Policy Consortium, 2010. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accesssed October 28, 2010 at: http://www.idpc.net/sites/default/files/library/Drug%20policy%20and%20development%20briefing.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.idpc.net/sites/default/files/library/Drug%20policy%20and%20development%20briefing.pdf Shelf Number: 120118 Keywords: Drug ControlDrug PolicyIllicit Drug Markets |
Author: New York (State). Office of the Attorney General Title: Internet System for Tracking Over-Prescribing (I-STOP): A Proposal Addressing New York's Prescription Drug Abuse and Drug Diversion Epidemic Summary: Prescription drug diversion involves channeling legitimately produced controlled substances from their lawful purpose into illicit drug traffic. Abuse of diverted drugs comprises the nation’s fastest growing drug problem, and in recent years has reached epidemic proportions. It affects every sector of society, straining our healthcare and criminal justice systems, and endangering the future of our younger generations. Painkiller overdoses nationwide killed nearly 15,000 people in 2008. In New York, the number of prescriptions for all narcotic painkillers has increased from 16.6 million in 2007 to nearly 22.5 million in 2010 - prescriptions for hydrocodone have increased 16.7 percent, while those for oxycodone have increased an astonishing 82 percent. In New York City, the rate of prescription pain medication misuse among those age 12 or older increased by 40 percent from 2002 to 2009, with nearly 900,000 oxycodone prescriptions and more than 825,000 hydrocodone prescriptions filled in 2009. The roots of the problem are two-fold. First, a lack of education and communication between practitioners significantly increases the likelihood of over-prescribing and dangerous drug interaction. Second, access to an ever-increasing supply of prescription narcotics, through legal or illegal means, has grown four-fold in the past decade. Virtually all observers of prescription drug diversion agree that expanding the use of Prescription Monitoring Programs (PMPs), and enhancing the quality and availability of the data they collect, are essential to the solution. The federal Governmental Accountability Office (GAO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the insurance industry, the White House, and independent researchers all point to such an expansion as a key part of the solution to prescription drug fraud, abuse and diversion. While New York’s PMP collects critical data on prescription drugs dispensed by pharmacists, the current system is outdated with regard to how and when data is collected, who has access to it, and how it is used. New York State Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman has introduced a program bill in the State Legislature that would exponentially enhance the effectiveness of New York’s existing PMP to increase detection of prescription fraud and drug diversion. A.8320 (Cusick)/S.5720 (Lanza) would enact the Internet System for Tracking Over-Prescribing (I-STOP) Act, to establish an on-line, real-time, controlled substance reporting system that requires prescribers and pharmacists to search for and report certain data at the time a controlled substance prescription is issued, and at the time such substance is dispensed. The legislation would: • require the Department of Health to establish and maintain an on-line, real-time controlled substance reporting system to track the prescription and dispensing of controlled substances; • require practitioners to review a patient's controlled substance prescription history on the system prior to prescribing; • require practitioners or their agents to report a prescription for such controlled substances to the system at the time of issuance; • require pharmacists to review the system to confirm the person presenting such a prescription possesses a legitimate prescription prior to dispensing such substance; • require pharmacists or their agents to report dispensation of such prescriptions at the time the drug is dispensed. I-STOP will vastly enhance the effectiveness of the present system. Its goal is to enable doctors and pharmacists to provide prescription pain medications, and other controlled substances, to patients who truly need them. At the same time, it will arm them with the necessary data to detect potentially dangerous drug interactions, identify patterns of abuse by patients, doctors and pharmacists, help those who suffer from crippling addictions and prevent potential addiction before it starts. Details: Albany, NY: New York State Office of the Attorney General, 2012. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 17, 2012 at: http://www.ag.ny.gov/media_center/2012/jan/ISTOP%20REPORT%20FINAL%201.10.12.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.ag.ny.gov/media_center/2012/jan/ISTOP%20REPORT%20FINAL%201.10.12.pdf Shelf Number: 123644 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AddictionIllicit Drug MarketsPrescription Drug Abuse (New York State)Prescription Fraud |
Author: Ritter, Alison Title: An Assessment of Illicit Drug Policy in Australia (1985 to 2010): Themes and Trends Summary: This monograph forms part of the Drug Policy Modelling Program (DPMP) Monograph Series. Drugs are a major social problem and are inextricably linked to the major socio-economic issues of our time. Our current drug policies are inadequate and governments are not getting the best returns on their investment. There are a number of reasons why: there is a lack of evidence upon which to base policies; the evidence that does exist is not necessarily analysed and used in policy decision-making; we do not have adequate approaches or models to help policy-makers make good decisions about dealing with drug problems; and drug policy is a highly complicated and politicised arena. The aim of the Drug Policy Modelling Program (DPMP) is to create valuable new drug policy insights, ideas and interventions that will allow Australia to respond with alacrity and success to illicit drug use. DPMP addresses drug policy using a comprehensive approach that includes consideration of law enforcement, prevention, treatment and harm reduction. The dynamic interaction between policy options is an essential component in understanding best investment in drug policy. DPMP conducts rigorous research that provides independent, balanced, non-partisan policy analysis. The areas of work include: developing the evidence-base for policy; developing, implementing and evaluating dynamic policy-relevant models of drug issues; and studying policy-making processes in Australia. This work aimed to provide an accessible description and assessment of drug policy in Australia from 1985 to 2010. Approaches to drug policy are constantly changing as a result of international and domestic factors, the comings and goings of governments, political imperative and the uptake of new knowledge. Consequently, this report represents the situation as it stands in Australia up to mid-2010. We take the Australian context (section 1) as our starting point, then summarise Australia’s National Drug Strategies over time comparing them to those of other nations (section 2). We then provide analysis of trends and patterns of drug use and harms in Australia (section 3), government action on drugs (section 4), and finish with an analysis of the roles of some of the many actors in the Australian drug policy landscape (section 5). Details: Sydney, Australia: Drug Policy Modelling Program, 2011. 85p. Source: Drug Policy Modelling Program Monograph 21: Internet Resource: Accessed October 22, 2012 at http://www.dpmp.unsw.edu.au/DPMPWeb.nsf/resources/monograph1.pdf/$file/DPMP+MONO+21.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dpmp.unsw.edu.au/DPMPWeb.nsf/resources/monograph1.pdf/$file/DPMP+MONO+21.pdf Shelf Number: 126767 Keywords: Drug EnforcementDrug OffendersDrug Policy (Australia)Harm ReductionIllicit Drug Markets |
Author: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Title: Drug supply reduction: an overview of EU policies and measures Summary: The operation of illicit drug markets is dependent on a chain of events with a global span. At each stage of the process, from the production to the trafficking through to the consumption and the derived profits, the health and security of different countries is compromised by organised crime groups. This paper looks at EU policies and responses to the production and trafficking of illicit drugs, set within the global context. It considers the different strategic areas where these challenges are addressed, the EU structures involved, and some of the key measures currently being implemented by the EU and its international partners. Drug supply reduction issues arise in many policy areas, including illicit drug policy, security, organised crime, and maritime and regional cooperation policy. Issues related to drug production and trafficking arise in the work of several institutions, bodies and EU agencies. The operation of smuggling routes challenges the security of the EU in different ways and measures have been adopted to counteract these problems. These include developing intelligence-led policing and improved border management and surveillance as well as legislative tools to target criminal profits. The EU is involved in a range of projects and initiatives around the world designed to reduce the supply of illicit drugs, including capacity-building initiatives targeting smuggling routes and measures to support economic, legislative and monitoring infrastructural development. Details: Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: EMCDDA Papers: Accessed February 1, 2017: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/3633/TDAU16002ENN_web_file.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Europe URL: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/3633/TDAU16002ENN_web_file.pdf Shelf Number: 145072 Keywords: Drug PolicyDrug Supply ReductionDrug TraffickingIllicit Drug MarketsIllicit DrugsOrganized Crime |
Author: Parey, Mathias Title: Measuring the Market Size for Cannabis: A New Approach Using Forensic Economics Summary: Quantifying the market size for cannabis is important given vigorous policy debates about how to intervene in this market. We develop a new approach to measuring the size of the cannabis market using forensic economics. The key insight is that cannabis consumption often requires the use of complementary legal inputs: roll-your-own tobacco and rolling papers. The forensic approach specifies how legal and illegal inputs are combined in the production of hand-rolled cigarettes and cannabis joints. These input relationships, along with market adding-up conditions, can then be used to infer the size of the cannabis market. We prove proof-of-concept that this approach can be readily calibrated using: (i) point-of-sales data on the legal inputs of roll-your-own tobacco and rolling papers; (ii) input parameter estimates drawn from a wide-ranging interdisciplinary evidence base. We then implement the approach using data from 2008-9. For those years, the forensic estimates for the UK cannabis market are near double those derived from standard demand-side approaches. We make precise what drives the measurement gap between methods by establishing: (i) the parameter adjustments needed in demand-side approaches to match the forensic measure; (ii) the changes in methodology to the forensic approach needed to match the demand-side estimate. Our analysis develops an agenda on measurement and data collection that allows for credible cost-benefit analysis of policy interventions in illicit drug markets. Details: London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2017. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: CEPR Discussion Paper DP12161: Accessed February 22, 2019 at: https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=12161# Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=12161# Shelf Number: 154688 Keywords: Cannabis Cigarettes Drug Markets Illicit Drug MarketsMarijuana |